Equine Strangles

Equine Strangles can occur in horses of any age but younger horses are more often infected. After infection, most horses are immune to re-infection for at least a few years. Old or debilitated horses are at increased risk of infection or re-infection.

What are the symptoms?
Initial signs include sudden onset of fever (up to 106F) and loss of appetite. The horse may have difficulty swallowing. This is usually followed by swelling of the lymph nodes in the head and neck. These lymph nodes will rupture and drain, and the drainage is highly contagious. The horse may extend his neck to relieve discomfort and aid respiration. There is usually a thin watery nasal discharge which soon becomes thick and yellow.

Once a horse is exposed to the bacteria, it will begin to show symptoms in two to six days. Most horses will recover, but around ten percent of untreated horses die, usually from a secondary infection which causes pneumonia.

Strangles can also damage the heart and kidneys, and cause anemia and immune system disorders.

A chronic form known as "Bastard Strangles" may occur if abscesses develop in unusual parts of the body such as the abdomen or chest cavity. This is an uncommon but dangerous condition.

Where does it come from?
While direct contact between horses is the most common way that strangles is spread, it can also be spread by contaminated equipment. Improperly cleaned and shared buckets, stalls, and tack can spread the disease between horses. Fortunately, the bacteria die fairly quickly in the environment.

How is it diagnosed?
If you suspect that your horse has strangles, notify your veterinarian. To confirm infection, your vet will take a bacteriologic culture from either nasal swabs or pus from the abscesses.

How is it treated?
Infected horses should be isolated from other horses. Treatment depends on the severity and stage of the disease. Complete rest and supportive care should be a part of the treatment regimen. Hot compresses applied to the abscesses may hasten rupture and healing. Soft, palatable food should be provided.

How is it prevented?
To control the spread of the strangles bacteria, isolate any new horse with a vague or unknown health history for four to six weeks.

Strangles can also be controlled by vaccinations. There are several vaccines available, but they are not a complete guarantee against the disease. Vaccinated horses tend to have a less severe illness if they do contract strangles.

Side effects from vaccination may include abscess formation at the site of the injection or a mild respiratory reaction. Consult your veterinarian for recommendations.

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